一、Establishment and optimization of project investment risk income models on the basis of probability χ distribution（论文文献综述）
ERRAITEB MERYEM[1]（2021）在《摩洛哥货币政策实现通货膨胀应对的有效性研究》文中研究说明本文评价了摩洛哥在经济上采取的应对通货膨胀的货币政策,这是一个评估制度、技术和经济先决条件以及货币政策传导机制有效性的问题。文章梳理了摩洛哥的经济金融发展及其货币政策的演变,分析了通胀目标制货币政策在摩洛哥的适用性。为了解决这个问题,我们做出了一个基本假设,即摩洛哥不准备在短期内采取这种有效的战略。开展的研究包括首先评估此类货币政策所需的制度、经济和技术框架,然后再研究货币政策的传导机制。最后一点取决于VAR（矢量自回归）模型,以测试货币政策冲击后可能的反应。因此,我们的目标是验证在摩洛哥成功采用此类战略的必要条件是否确实得到满足。我们为这项研究设定了以下四个目标:一是将通胀目标制的框架理念定位为货币政策的创新实践。其次重点分析摩洛哥货币政策实践的演变。第三,我们总结了在摩洛哥实施通胀目标制战略的所有先决条件。第四,我们的目标是评估摩洛哥货币政策传导渠道的有效性。经济文献普遍认为,货币政策对价格具有短期影响和长期影响。这些影响是通过传导机制发挥的,传导机制可以定义为货币决策传递到收入和通货膨胀的过程。了解这些机制对于有效实施货币政策至关重要。实证文献中经常研究的因素,即利率、银行信贷、消费者价格和汇率。鉴于它们对经济和金融结构的密切依赖,这些渠道因国家而异。与发达国家不同,发展中国家和新兴国家受制于世界主要中央银行的货币政策,特别是欧洲中央银行和美国联邦储备银行的货币政策。这些国家的货币政策模型应该与发达国家有所不同。因此,忽视这样的特征可能会使估计结果产生偏差并引起经验悖论。货币政策的实施受到私营部门信贷水平和各国利率的制约。在这项工作结束时获得的结果使我们能够注意到中央银行在法律和实际方面的独立性方面的改进。在摩洛哥货币当局的信息和技术系统方面,我们取得了显着进步,从而为经济主体提供了有关货币政策领域决策的充分数据。然而,在宏观经济层面,结果显示出一些局限性。这些是摩洛哥金融体系深度的弱点,包括银行和金融两个组成部分,以及阻碍向灵活汇率制度过渡的不足之处。除上述之外,对货币政策传导机制的实证评估凸显了货币政策冲击后所采用的不同变量之间动态相互作用关系的局限性。摩洛哥经济及其金融体系的持续现代化、该国对外开放的方向以及其中央银行（马格里布银行,BAM）做法的演变证明了深化对货币政策传导。这些调查探索了将货币政策传播到摩洛哥经济的货币、金融和实体部门的渠道。正是在这个框架内,本论文采用了实证方法,涵盖了从1990年到2013年的重大结构性经济改革时期。因此,应用计量经济学方法“VAR”来研究经济反应的变化对经济变量的不同冲击。为了实现这项工作的目标,我们通过不同的实证步骤,旨在探索货币政策行动到其目标变量的路径,研究传导渠道的结构,以及评估央行无法控制的因素的影响。关于货币政策的传导。我们的估计表明,货币政策从BAM到摩洛哥经济的传导是不完整的,即使它发生在合理的时间范围内。此外,传输通道的不稳定结构部分解释了该过程中涉及的变量的态度。我们的结果还表明,财政和外部因素通过其目标变量行为的影响,明显扰乱了货币政策行动的传播阶段。简而言之,本文的主要贡献在于表明通货膨胀目标是摩洛哥货币当局抓住的机会,但在巩固收益的同时必须事先纠正这项工作中指出的不完善之处。
KOVALCHUK ANNA[2]（2021）在《财政分权对经济发展的影响 ——基于乌克兰的实证研究》文中指出迄今,世界各地都提倡财政分权。间接证据显示财政分权具有改善公共部门绩效的潜力;许多相似的证据表明财政分权具有促进经济发展和体制进步的潜能。然而,许多坚持传统的观点认为,财政分权虽然可能提高公共部门的经济效率,但可能不适合发展中国家的情况。此外,关于职能收入分配、支出职责的传统观点已多次受到挑战。乌克兰作为发达国家和发展中国家之间的例子,在乌克兰最近实施的财政分权提供了一个评估这个假设的绝佳机会。所以,基于乌克兰的情况财政分权研究将有益于验证处于转型中的国家是否有效率增益,同时也可以检验发达国家的收支分配问题。近年来,系统研究财政分权对经济发展实际影响的文献很少,特别是在分权改革的初期和经济停滞下财政分权对经济发展的影响的研究更少。本论文研究了财政分权的以下问题。第一,奥茨的分权理论,财政分权有助于经济的增长,第二,生产力促进理论,商业环境、技术进步和制度因素对经济增长的影响,第三,将实际人口和农村人口占总人口的比例作为人力资本去衡量财政分权启动后对经济增长的影响。第四,偿付能力的研究,分析了财政分权对经济增长的影响以及由于区域经济发展水平的差异而导致的增长差异。第五,趋同假说,较低水平的收支平衡和经济发展的前景是正相关的。本研究采用各种回归技术来分析这些问题,检验内生性问题,执行健壮性检查,并分析了乌克兰财政分权的最新状况。基于财政分权具有改革和多维性,本论文分析了在2011年至2018年期间整个乌克兰24个地区的面板数据,来确定财政分权与区域经济增长之间的关系。此外,采用调查研究的方法来收集补充问卷数据。最重要的是,研究结果表明,财政分权对乌克兰地区经济增长的影响在统计上并不显着。我们发现,营商环境的改革和社会因素对区域经济增长的影响也表现出不显着的作用;纵向和横向财政失衡造成的制度因素对经济增长是有影响的;本研究中所代表的技术进步的变量似乎不足以解释乌克兰的改革;“发达”地区的地方政府比“不发达”地区的地方政府更有财政自治的倾向,拥有更大的财政权力。在乌克兰,地方预算收入比支出更加集中,地方政府严重依赖政府间转移支付为当地公共物品和服务提供金融支持,这显然不利于经济的发展。最后,在确定了一种不显着的因果关系之后,从政策的角度来看,我们假设决策者在推进为了更多权力下放而仓促进行的行政和财政改革时,应该意识到经济的后果。
Sifa Bura Huguette[3]（2021）在《刚果政府财政政策对该国基础教育质量改进的效果研究》文中指出本文旨在分析刚果民主共和国（以下简称刚果）的政府财政措施（2010/2020）对提高本国基础教育质量的效果,即评估各项财政政策之间联系的力度、探讨如何改善基础教育管理部门在加强宏观经济体制改革和发展过程指导的可行策略。本研究也试图探讨各变量之间的相关关系,以确定它们之间关系的有效性和重要性。现阶段,刚果虽然拥有大量自然资源,其经济发展仍然较慢,经济结构转型进展不顺利。对于一个国家而言,只有它能够满足其人民生活的基本需要,拥有创造财富的健康经济环境,并可以最大限度地为公民提供安全保障时,它才能被认为是“有效的”。为此,任何政府都应该有一个国家政策议程,以确保对构成其国内生产总值的一切经济活动进行良好治理。这些政府财政措施主要是指为鼓励国民经济各部门的发展和增长而采取的一系列战略努力。而本研究将聚焦于刚果基础教育部门。教育是真正的炼金术,它可以给一个国家带来下一个黄金时代。教育是一个始于孩子出世的动态过程。孩子从出生开始就被父母和其他兄弟姐妹包围,感受周围环境并做出反应。周围环境（包括物理空间和社会环境）不停向孩子传递信息,孩子试图从这些信息中学习知识经验和反馈个人诉求。联合国教科文组织大会曾在1964年指出,文盲是一个国家或地区社会和经济发展的严重障碍。在刚果,强大的教育部门是国家政府政策的主要部门（教育、卫生、基础设施、社会和能源）之一,也是该国经济、社会和政治变革的基础。刚果政府已采取措施,提高全国基础教育质量,并促进其经济结构转型。通过开展本研究,我们主要关注两个关键概念,即与我们的陈述问题、研究问题和假设,如刚果民主共和国的政府财政措施和优质基础教育,作为案例研究。提供高质量的基础教育是各国经济活动几个方面转变的基础。高质量的基础教育提供资源并指导政策,以确保每个儿童健康入学,学习和实践健康的生活方式:在学生和成人身体和情感安全的环境中学习;积极参与学习,与学校和更广泛的社区有联系:能够获得个性化的学习,并得到合格、有爱心的成年人的支持;在学业上受到挑战,为大学或进修的成功以及就业和参与全球环境做好准备。这些综合概念检查与这些维度相关的研究。然而,重要的是要牢记教育的系统性:这些维度是相互依存的,以有时无法预见的方式相互影响。这一概念还考虑到推动教育质量讨论的全球和国际影响（Motala,2000年:Pipho,2000）,同时确保5个国家和地方教育背景有助于不同国家的质量定义（亚当斯,1993）。建立对质量的上下文理解意味着包括相关利益相关者。至少五项关键的政府财政政策对基础教育质量有影响（儿童基金会,2019年;MEPST,2016）:学生背景,学校环境,内容,机制和结果.这些要素为质量监测提供了基础。在2014年发起的“共同接受素质教育运动”期间,围绕教师行业的作用,将与素质教育有关的主要问题汇集在一起。这项运动的三大支柱是高质量的教学、高质量的教学和学习工具以及高质量的教学和学习环境。该运动动员了各大洲的教师,并帮助说服各国政府根据可持续发展目标（目标4）为基础教育部门制定了一个单独的目标。目前,刚果政府采取的各种财政措施中有众多政策是以促进教育发展为鹄的的,其中最显着的包括以下几个方面:（一）在教育总体方面,提出了新的教育改革方案和时间表,引入了新的教育评价机制;通过推广对困难学生的个性化援助,促进免费基础教育的实施:（二）在教师管理方面,国家对教师服务的定义和运行规则以及在发展团队合作、教师薪酬审查（如机械化、增加教师工资等）等方面的管理工作方式,出现了重大变化;（三）在学校运营方面,学校直接受到以运营成本为衡量指标的良好预算分配控制,开设或建设学校过程中良好的教育支持,对财政性教育经费的科学管理,课程改进等方面的有效控制,与此同时,学校还间接地通过扩大领导者的职能来促进学校事业的发展。所有这些在教育政策上的改进,都为刚果这样的发展中国家,提供了更多迅速追赶的机会。他们通过学习和掌握较发达国家已有的技术、经济活动管理、资金管理和政策制定等方面的经验来为本国经济和社会发展服务。值得注意的是,虽然刚果国民经济结构转型的主要驱动力来自于私营部门,但是刚果政府并没有忽视改革和发展教育的至关重要性。除了绪论和结论外,本文共包括四个主要部分。论文的第一部分与刚果政府财政措施和教育部门有关,包括主要是理论和实证研究文献回顾（第二章）,以及刚果教育系统的概况（第三章）。本文第一章旨在使读者更好地了解研究中的二个关键词:政府财政措施和提高刚果基础教育质量。例如,文章首先探讨研究所涉及的基本概念并回顾相关研究成果（第二章）,阐述了刚果的历史、教育系统的状况以及该国政府为解决所研究部门的关切和稳定国家经济发展形势而采取的措施（第三章）。本部分重点在于阐明为本文提供理论框架的主要概念。第二部分重点探讨刚果政府的相关财政措施对提高基础教育质量的效果。这一部分也包括两章。作者首先论述了本文拟使用的研究方法与具体技术路线（第四章）,然后全面系统地阐述了实证研究的统计结果,并对此进行了讨论（第五章）,其中核心是统计数据的解释和研究假设的验证。最后,本部分还介绍了文章的结论和有关政策应该给予关注的优先领域的建议。尽管前一部分都已述及,但它帮助我们突出了政府为提高刚果基础教育质量而采取的财政措施的因果关系,无论是国际机构还是国家当局为促进刚果（金）经济而需要采取的。因此,本论文旨在通过提供实证证据,证明政府在调整刚果像教育等资源丰富的部门的宏观经济框架和质量方面的作用,从而促进这一不断增长的研究领域。提高基础教育质量,是刚果教育部门中教师、学生、学校管理委员会和家长等四个主体共同努力的政策。考虑到研究的两个主要变量（政府财政措施和提高基础教育质量）,本文提出了一个针对这两个变量,刚果经济发展的工具和战略,以及可用于解决研究问题的数据模型（见第四章图三十五）。事实上,刚果的PSPE组织结构针对的指标类型不同。他们以投入指标预测基础教育（产品）质量的提高。在PSPE中,教育过程质量被认为是一个中间变量,用它与不同的指标和行为者相交,被视为产品预测变量的解释性变量。关于本文理论概念模型的独创性（黑匣子）,主题是“提高刚果基础教育质量的过程”,取自一位刚果作者的研究成果。关于该概念模型的投入和产出（见图四十）,可以参见LUBOYA,T.教授在2018年发表的论文（第六十八页）。在他题为“高中绩效管理和学校治理效率”的论文中,他尝试通过混合方法和三角测量测试刚果的教育生产功能。根据研究需要,本文也进一步深入探讨了这一点。首先应该指出,刚果是世界上最贫穷的国家之一:大约74%的人口生活在贫困线以下,42.2%的人口生活在极端贫困线以下。该国也是世界上入学率最低的国家之一（39%）,文盲比例很高（70%）,大部分是妇女（85%）。虽然在“获得学校机会和基础教育质量项目”推动下,刚果基础教育取得了令人鼓舞的进展。但教育系统仍然面临严重挑战。这些挑战使刚果在2015年甚至2025年实现千年发展目标的能力受到质疑。尽管政府努力改善受教育机会,但需求仍然超过教育的供应和质量。刚果继续受到合格教师短缺、教学内容陈旧、教科书短缺、复读和辍学人数多以及教室人满为患的折磨。最后,尽管大部分财政预算经费拨给了教育部门（2011年占国内生产总值的9.5%）,但该国在提高基础教育质量方面的财政效益很低。据刚果政府（2019年）称,改善上学机会和提高教育质量项目有三个目标,即政府总体计划的每个部分都要致力于:公平获得基础教育、提高教育质量和提高教育系统效率.然而,该项目侧重于三个主要组成部分。其目标是:（一）提高学生的入学率和巩固率（优先照顾有特殊需要的女孩和儿童）,在适当的教育机构内供他们完成小学学业;（二）提供更好的教育服务,促进优质学习和教学,降低复读率和辍学率;（三）完善学校管理,提高资源利用效率。卡迈勒·卡基奇关于“提高质量、效率和获得基础教育的机会”的研究,很符合这一观点,即为经济和各州建设更美好的未来。因此,可以说,改善入学机会和提高基础教育质量项目,被设想为一个三阶段可扩展的贷款方案:在第二阶段,除了一个过渡到第三阶段的触发因素之外,所有触发因素都已经实现。然而,随着关于筹备第三阶段的讨论开始,2009年国家援助战略建议关注于政府的新优先事项,即扩大技术和职业教育和培训部门以及中等教育。此外,在从第二阶段吸取一些教训之后,显然,由国际开发协会资助的下一次行动,需要更加重视教育系统的管理和持续性,巩固体制能力和优化国家教育和职业培训部的结构。刚果政府采取的各种财政措施在国民经济方面进展甚微。这是国家活动在经济复苏和部门改革（如教育部门）方面缺乏政治意愿的表现。本文使用混合方法,包括质性方法和量化方法、办公室评审技术等研究方法收集数据。运用SPSS统计软件进行数据分析,将描述统计和推断统计（斯皮尔曼相关分析、二元回归或二元逻辑回归）相结合,以回答并验证本研究建立的研究问题与假设。在确定统计方法基础上,论文作者着手处理和分析数据。作者主要进行了单变量分析与双变量分析。对于单变量分析,本文对不同问题的答案进行拆分。首先统计了被调查者的匿名身份数据（常见、年龄、资历和法律地位）,然后对调查问卷中相关问题答案进行拆分。而对于半封闭式和开放式问题的回答,通过内容分析对其进行拆分。对于双变量分析,研究共进行了三种类型的双变量分析:首先,作者计算了体现集中和分散趋势的相关统计量,包括与政府财政措施（Qr1a、Qr1b、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3和Q4）和教育质量相关问题的平均值、标准差和方差（问题五）。其次,作者使用被调查者在调查中所提供意见的定性资料,测试了财务措施（Qr1a、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3和Q4）对教学质量的影响（问题五）。此处使用斯皮尔曼相关系数（r）,即当变量不是区间变量而是正向变量时使用的相关系数。这是一个非参数检验（参数没有假设）。事实上,该系数的原理是将布拉瓦斯皮尔逊系数公式应用于排序,而非观察值（对于每个变量,其等级所观察到的分数将被替换）。为了验证部门管理效果的好坏,相关系数（影响大小）在0和1之间变化,运用Cohen团队在2007年的研究成果,将相关系数的数值解释为“<0.1,低;<0.3,温和;<0.5,中等;<0.8,强;≥0.8,非常强”。第三,本文通过二元逻辑回归来判断预测变量的变化增加或减少了所研究事件的发生概率。一.第一个统计结果显示了自变量Qr1a、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3和Q4对因变量Q5（刚果政府确保基础教育质量的愿望）的描述性统计结果（平均值、标准差和方差,共300名被调查者）。表5.50显示了所涉及自变量的描述性统计结果,考虑到回答者的回答,这些数据如下所示。二.第二个统计结果介绍了自变量与因变量之间的斯皮尔曼相关关系。表格显示,因变量Q5（有关财政政策支持的质量和知识教育）和自变量Qr1a、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3、Q4（与政府财政措施和教育部门融资相关的因素）之间,均存在强有力的显着正相关关系,置信区间为95%。因变量Q5（有关财政政策支持的质量和知识教育）)与自变量Qr1a、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3、Q4（与政府财政措施和教育部门融资相关的因素）之间,均存在强有力的显着正相关关系,置信区间为 95%。（rS1=0.957 ≥ 0.8;rS2=0.519<0.8;rS3=0.747<0.8;rS4=0.464<0.5;rS5=0.352<0.5;rS6=0.843）。这意味着六个自变量有可能影响政府对刚果优质教育的承诺。此外,结果表明,所有部门均存在显着正相关关系（p<0.001）。因此,这六个自变量有可能影响政府确保本国优质教育的愿望,进而加强刚果的宏观经济体制建设。三.最后为二元逻辑回归结果。结果表明,各行业间均呈显着正相关关系（p<0.001）。其二项回归系数的显着性使用沃尔德统计量检验,参照卡方分布。结果显示,沃尔德检验值为29,618。使用二元逻辑回归发现,六个预测变量（Qr1a、Qr1b、Q2、Q3、Qr3和Q4）在影响或预测刚果基础教育质量提高和宏观经济体制加强方面具有显着潜力（表5.52）。表明该二元回归模型具有统计学意义,沃尔德检验值为342,316,p<.001。该模型解释了刚果政府希望提高本国基础教育质量和加强宏观经济体制（66%的有效个案进行正确分类）的愿望在6.81%（Cox/Snell残差）和9.42%（Nagelkerke残差）之间的差异。因此,通过更好地调整教育政策和政府财政措施,刚果经济发展速度将会大幅加快（附录十一,第二点）通过收集的各种数据,本文揭示了刚果政府财政措施对提高本国整体基础教育质量起到的促进作用。然而,在宏观经济平衡方面,尽管数据分析包含一部分积极效果,但就其财政措施对人民社会福祉的影响而言,这种效果还不够显着。（一）针对政府财政措施本文观察到了政府财政措施对国家教育部门的贡献以及近年来对教育投入的政治意愿缺乏所产生的细微影响。这一方面,导致一些公立学校教师生活条件下降,另一方面,由于教师没有动力提供优质教育,学生教育质量普遍下降。上述结果清楚地评估了政府对国民教育的贡献。事实证明,刚果政府在提高基础教育质量方面,并没有取得显着成效。因此,政府需要做的工作仍有很多。作为国家的道德权威,政府应发挥关键作用。这意味着它需要承担与改革相关的责任与财政支出。（二）针对基础教育改善研究发现,刚果政府对提高本国基础教育质量的贡献与影响,几乎微不足道。另一方面,政府的财政措施仍然对教育产生了积极影响。这得益于最近推出的免费小学教育计划。该计划希望扩展到中学阶段。（三）针对加强宏观经济体制教育是社会经济、政治和法律发展的支柱之一。它对宏观经济的贡献是,可以为刚果经济结构转型提供保障,并加速国家现代化发展进程。然而,由于对工业化和新兴经济体的依赖,宏观经济在国际危机及随之而来的其他外部冲击（如Covid-19、经济危机等）的背景下未能幸免。同时,本文也注意到,刚果教育财政政策对加强或改进国家宏观经济体制的作用,几乎可以忽略不计。这种作用包含了多个层面:经济增长率和收入增长率的下降;政府收入减少;财政支持水平下降,再负债风险增高,货币摊销继续;国际收支仍然存在逆差;婴儿死亡率上升和极度贫困等。国际和地方组织的数据统计结果进一步佐证了本文的观点,即国家的发展道路漫长且荆棘丛生。包容性增长进而可持续发展的要求,不仅需要国家担负深刻、透明的责任,还需要国民的诚意与支持,以尊重并科学地配合政府实施各项利于国民经济发展的措施,并将教育作为重点研究与发展对象。因此,本文指出,刚果等国家的发展,需要每个国民的支持与努力。国家对青年进行教育与培养,以便让他们能在未来的工作岗位上脱颖而出。本文的研究结论是结合研究目标、研究假设和收集的统计数据提出的。刚果教育结构尚处于萌芽状态,其经济结构特点也是低附加值创造。事实上,尽管政府和外部伙伴为促进入学机会、教育质量和教育公平做出了一些努力,为教育部门提供了一定的资金支持,但由于刚果教育存在覆盖率低、质量差的特征,其基础教育仍然处于不发达状态。此外,本文揭示了政府措施对刚果教育质量的影响。研究发现,政府财政措施对改善基础教育财政政策和加强刚果宏观经济体制建设的贡献,并没有通过上述几个传播途径产生显着影响。为此,政府为了加速经济复苏进程、改善国民生活条件,已经采取了相应的改革措施。而其中改革的关键点在于,转变教育部门工作方式和提升劳动力技能。通过机构改革来提高这些措施和宏观经济体制的有效性;通过有效审查和适应服务来提高技术水平、提升国家总体规划的竞争力,对包容性发展和经济增长至关重要。根据以上研究结论,本文特提出如下政策建议:一.政府应认真审查有利于基础教育发展的国家政策方案,并使之与各地实际相适应;二.严格执行教育领导体制相关规定,遵守刚果关于教育机构及其职能分工相关制度;三.根据国家教育改革方案推进公立学校改革,并将新的教学方法（包括教学资料和教科书）引入公立学校;四.改善教育行业的外部社会环境;五.为刚果基础教育系统全体教职员提供持续培训;六.不断加强国家教育基础设施,以促进全纳教育实施;七.大力提高政府决策透明度、强化决策责任,增强人民对刚果经济复苏的意愿。因为促进刚果社会可持续发展、包容性增长,提高刚果人民生活质量,是关涉刚果每个公民的大事。提出这些建议,是为了更好调整和改善刚果经济发展,重点是在刚果创造就业机会和减少贫困。此外,研究还表明,除了采矿作业外,刚果还需要加大对引进新技术的投资,特别是在农业（农牧业生产和货物加工）、服务业（运输和电信、基础设施建设、当地产品销售等）和教育行业（通过与世界变革有关的一些新改革以提高质量）。
Seyedehparisa Hosseini[4]（2021）在《基础设施背景下对发展中国家旅游业的效率评估 ——两阶段的超效率松弛法》文中研究指明尽管大多数发展中国家具有吸引游客的潜力,但仍无法在全球旅游市场上获得可观的份额。但是,与高科技产业等其他行业相比,旅游业对于这些国家来说是一个与先进同行竞争的更可行的竞争领域。发展中国家在自然资源和文化资源方面享有有利的地位,并能够以相对较低的价格提供娱乐体验,与发达国家相比。这些优势为这些国家带来了许多旅游机会,并使它们能够与发达国家的先进旅游业竞争。因此,要求每个发展中国家尽可能地利用其旅游潜力,并提供有利的条件来吸引更多的游客。关注发展中国家的动机是为这些国家的旅游业找到一些可以提升改善的机会和基本策略。本研究使用绩效测量框架,并基于两阶段的超效率松弛法,来评估旅游产业效率。本研究将旅游基础设施分为社会基础设施,交通基础设施和环境基础设施。这三个基础设施在区域范围内共同协作以创建一个有吸引力的旅游目的地。在此评估中,使用了24个发展中国家在2013、2015和2017年的数据。第一阶段,基于基础设施的旅游产业效率分为两个子单元:支持游客基础设施和需求驱动基础设施。第二阶段,计算总体效率得分。值得注意的是,先前的研究都没有同时考虑社会、交通和环境基础设施来评估旅游产业效率。因此,本项研究的新颖之处在于在全球范围内选择了发展中国家考虑上述二个基础设施。本项研究包括了对旅游产业有显着影响的投入和产出,更好地代表了国家的绩效。在获得效率得分之后,该研究分析了排名与影响旅游业不同因素之间的关系,尤其是每个国家自己的基础设施。根据经验结果,所选国家的旅游业大多效率较低,相对于其潜力未能达到理想的产出水平。本研究分析表明,其旅游业业绩不佳主要是由于基础设施不足,基础设施不佳以及缺乏适当的战略来发挥其潜力。研究结果表明,基础设施的发展增加了旅游需求,因此,完善的基础设施是提高全球旅游竞争力的根本前提。此外,研究结果还表明,基础设施对游客数量和相关收益有显着的正向影响。一个国家的基础设施越完善,其旅游业就越发达。本研究提出的启示对旨在改善旅游业和基础设施管理的决策者具有实际价值。总体而言,本研究为基础设施状况与旅游业福祉之间的相互联系提供了深入且有用的见解,这对于改善旅游业,从而实现经济繁荣和社会福利是不可估量的一步。
何承芯[5]（2020）在《资管新规视角下私人银行理财业务的转型发展研究 ——以H行为例》文中研究说明以资管新规为首的一系列监管新政出台开启了中国资产管理行业转型升级的序幕,所有资产管理机构均面临着理财业务重新定义的境况。H行私人银行作为国内知名的以资产管理业务为主的私人银行,资管新规的出台使其理财业务模式面临着直接的挑战,H行私人银行理财业务转型发展势在必行。本文通过PEST分析法对H行私人银行外部市场情况加以研究分析,总结其当前所面临的处境以及自身所存在的问题,并讨论资管新规的出台对H行私人银行理财业务的发展可能受到的正面和反面影响。经分析,本文认为H行私人银行的理财业务转型要围绕产品、销售、团队、管理架构四个维度,循序渐进实行转型发展。本文梳理总结出两套相关的转型方案,并建议选择以客户为中心的方案,具有一定的应用价值及指导意义,对H行私人银行理财业务的转型变革,提升其市场竞争力具有实际参考价值。
MEHRAN IDRIS KHAN[6]（2020）在《中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径》文中研究说明该研究概述了国内环境法和国际环境法的含义,特别着重于比较中国和巴基斯坦的发展状况,环境条件,立法,政策含义或执行机制。该研究讨论了有关国际或区域法律文书以及区域或全球环境问题。该研究方法采用定性方法来比较两国的环境法律及其关键要素,以促进其实施并实现今世后代可持续性地利用环境。该研究指出该地区国际、跨界和区域环境法的制定和实施在国家或地区之间差异很大。这些差异是由于每个区域集团内不同的经济环境,政治历史,文化态度和殖民影响所致。其反映了法律和政策方法的碎片化,致使该区域的环境法律和政策制度仍然不完整,并且鉴于环境无边界以及共同的责任,需要明确共同的生态目标。相比之下,美国-加拿大-墨西哥、挪威和比利时等世界其他地区在环境事务上彼此之间具有法律合作,例如通过将环境问题纳入其贸易协定以保持区域环境清洁和可持续。中国巴基斯坦经济走廊（CPEC）之下的大型基础设施和工业发展很可能会对巴基斯坦的环境产生全面影响,并且也可能以与该地区先前烟雾问题相同的方式影响中国。两国有必要突然开展法律合作,共同应对这些环境挑战。在这种情况下,作为邻国,中国和巴基斯坦有诸如CPEC的大型联合开发项目,因此有必要将保护环境作为共同的责任,以实现共同的生态目标。该研究旨在找出两国环境法律和政策的相对优势。通过了解环境政策的形成或含义,分析以前实践中的经验教训,并分析或讨论包括环境问题、导致环境管理问题的因素以及理解实施更好解决方案的障碍。研究结果有助于了解两国环境立法的政治或法律结构,并有助于解决与环境法实施和执行有关的问题,例如实施不力。该研究以有关环境的司法、社会、立法、行政和教育措施作为结论,随后提出了在两国有效实施环境法律和政策的适当建议。该研究还得出结论,尽管政府部门被赋予了更多的裁量权对违反环境规则者采取法律行动,但两国执法机构之间的效率差距是不可忽略的。建议加强环境税网,并在税网中考虑二氧化碳排放量因素。该研究还建议建立环境非政府组织,建立专门的环境部门、法院和法庭,在两国大学中开展交流计划,转让技术,例如生产可再生和清洁能源的技术,并从以下领域汲取经验:成功的法律影响和法律移植,环境律师的双边交流,改善环境知识以提高对污染的认知,加强公众参与以及环境公益诉讼,制定统一的商业法规并将环境方面作为基本理解贸易协定并将其转换为“优惠”贸易协定,为CPEC等联合大型项目开发具有气候适应力的基础设施,提高国内、区域和国际环境法、协定和条约之间的一致性,为监测、规划或管理以及影响评估活动而制定环境或气候变化政策以应对共同面临的环境（国内和跨界）挑战。
吴贵彬[7]（2020）在《A公司华南市场营销策略研究》文中研究表明进入21世纪,随着全球化的高速发展,企业面临着严峻挑战.如何在激烈的复杂环境中占有一定的市场份额和实现较好的业绩增长,是每个企业必须面对的重要课题。在应对上述挑战中,营销管理扮演着重要角色,而在营销管理过程中,关键因素就是能够结合企业的实际营销情况制定指导营销活动并可落地操作的营销策略.一般来说,正确的营销策略,往往需要把制度性和灵活性结合起来.企业必须坚持一种有效的营销策略,另一方面,企业也必须不断运用新方法来改进自己的营销策略,去适应不断变化的外界环境和客户需求。随着近几年我国经济的高质量发展,促进了我国调味料行业的快速发展,此行业潜在的巨大市场和发展前景吸引很多优势资本等进入,使得行业的竞争变得越来越激烈。A公司在华南区深耕10年,虽取得一些销售业绩,但随着市场的快速变化和自身存在的营销问题,这几年销售业绩一直增长缓慢,加之公司有上市销售业绩的硬性考核指标,急需进行营销策略的调整。本文依据营销绩效、工业品营销理论、价值链理论以及STP理论等所学的系统营销管理理论,基于对调味品A公司华南区近4年的实际经营情况,运用文献分析法、案例分析法、数据分析法、访谈等研究方法对所在工作单位的营销策略存在的问题进行深入剖析,首先从A公司所在的行业中的价值链地位进行分析,接着运用所学的五力模型对A公司的竞争环境进行分析,再接着对A公司所在的华南区进行SWOT分析,然后通过访谈问卷得出A公司存在的营销问题以及通过STP理论分析出A公司华南区的市场细分、建议公司建立在自身核心优势的基础上选择以工业加工市场和餐饮连锁市场为目标市场并进行市场定位的解决方法,最后运用基于价值链的工业营销4P理论开拓华南市场,提升销售业绩和市场占有率,希望通过本文的研究为A公司实现本身快速发展乃至其他类似的中国调味品企业做强做大提供理论和现实的参考意义。
Muhammad Irfan[8]（2020）在《南亚可再生能源发展影响因素及动态策略模型研究》文中进行了进一步梳理南亚面临着化石资源短缺、温室气体排放不断增加和电力供应缺口加大等能源问题:一方面,由于人民生活条件改善、人口增长和地区经济发展,近年来南亚地区能源需求成倍增长;另一方面,南亚的能源结构以传统化石能源为主,用能成本高,且过度的碳排放严重威胁着生态环境。为此,南亚各国正在积极寻求替代能源、发展可再生能源,以改善能源、环境问题。本文系统考察了南亚地区可再生能源发展的影响因素,并分析了各因素对可再生能源发展的推动或制约机理。本研究中的可再生能源发展相关影响因素包括:消费者态度、消费者的主观行为规范、消费者的感知行为控制、消费者的可再生能源经济环保效用感知、消费者的自我效能感知、消费者对邻居参与可再生能源的态度、以及消费者对可再生能源优势的认可。本文提出并分析了消费者消费可再生能源的意愿。引入了消费者自我效能感知、消费者的环境关注度和消费者对可再生能源成本的认知等三个变量,扩展了计划行为理论,并应用了结构方程建模（SEM）技术展开数据分析。采用钻石模型展开风电产业竞争力的关键因素识别,并将该方法应用于印度风电产业竞争力影响因素分析。还研究巴基斯坦生物质能发展动态,揭示了其生物质能应用的诸多挑战,并提出相应的应对策略。并以巴基斯坦为例评估了利用离网太阳能光伏系统推动农村电气化的潜力。研究结果表明,公众对可再生能源利用的支持度很高。随着居民收入、受教育程度、可再生能源意识、自我效能感知和对邻居参与可再生能源态度的改善,其消费可再生能源的意愿越强烈。消费者年龄及其对可再生能源成本认知具有相反的影响,年龄越大、对可再生能源成本感知越明显,消费者消费可再生能源的意愿越弱。从总体上看,年轻、受教育度较高的群体相对更关心环境、更认可在可再生能源上的支出是物有所值的,因此更愿意为可再生能源买单。为此,在制定可再生能源发展政策时,为赢得更多的支持,应当更多地面向年轻和受过教育的人。此外,消费者的环境关怀和对可再生能源利益的信念对消费者购买可再生能源意愿的影响不大。钻石模型分析表明,印度风电产业具有很好的发展前景。然而,该行业正面临着多方面的挑战,包括新建风电项目的初始成本过高、现役风力发电设备落后、核心技术依赖进口、国内风力资源分布不均以及缺乏配套的金融机制等。此外,本研究还识别定义了风电产业链及风能市场参与者,为风电产业价值链优化提供了参考。对南亚生物质能发电现状的分析表明,生物质资源种类丰富,包括薪柴、城市生活垃圾、农业废弃物和畜禽粪便等;对生物质资源展开合理的利用可以带来可观的收益。南亚各国政府都制定了明确的可再生能源发展目标,生物质能源的开发是实现该目标的重要组成部分。对于巴基斯坦政府,生物质能的推广,有助于其实现到2030年将可再生能源提高到5%的目标。然而,巴基斯坦的生物质能发展也正面临着选址、发电技术、政策结构、融资机制、市场形势和监管框架等方面的挑战。在光伏方面,巴基斯坦信德省、俾路支省和南部一些地区太阳能资源开发潜力巨大。这些地区太阳辐射量为2兆瓦时/平方米,年有效日照时间为3000小时,日均辐射量19-20兆焦耳/平米·日,年均日照时间为8-8.5小时,适合光伏项目开发。巴基斯坦,年平均气温26-28摄氏度,日均太阳能发电潜力为5.3kWh/m2,太阳能发电总潜力为160万兆瓦。按照14%的效率计算,每100平方公里范围内安装的太阳能光伏电池板,每年产出的电量相当于3000万吨石油当量（MTOE）。此外,本研究中对太阳能光伏发电系统的经济性分析结果表明,太阳能光伏发电成本为每千瓦时7.15巴基斯坦卢比,明显低于传统电力每千瓦时20.7巴基斯坦卢比的价格。太阳能光伏系统具有低碳特点,如果巴基斯坦所有的无电家庭采用太阳能光伏系统,相较于传统供能方式,每年可减少617020吨的二氧化碳排放。与巴基斯坦接壤的孟加拉国和印度已经成功实施了基于光伏系统的农村电气化项目。鉴于地理、社会和经济环境上的相似性,巴基斯坦可从这两个国家学习发展经验。尽管巴基斯坦太阳能资源潜力巨大,但其光伏发电的发展仍面临着多方面的挑战,光伏相关技术的高效应用还面临着诸多障碍。本研究还提出了相关政策建议,旨在帮助各机构和政府克服发展障碍,最大限度地提高本区域可再生能源的利用率。研究成果可为各国政府和利益相关者提供参考,帮助其了解南亚可再生能源发展的影响因素、消费者意愿等及各种因素之间的动态关系。
张方羽[9]（2020）在《基于作业基础管理理论的业务流程优化策略研究 ——以B集团S事业部为例》文中研究指明随着PC行业的发展,进入了产业成熟期,PC出货量于2011年达到峰值,之后出货量逐年递减。Google于2013年联合终端制造商宏基和三星及关键部件供应商Intel等推出基于Chrome OS的Chromebook给PC行业注入了新能量。B集团作为以信息技术业务为主的多元化集团,目标是成为值得信赖的信息产品供应商,为应对PC行业变化,于2014年成立S事业部主营Chromebook的海外品牌ODM业务,目标3年内盈利。然至2017年底,盈利仍未实现。S事业部逐年递减的产品毛利率及其远超目标费用率的实际费用率,表现出S事业部业务流程低效及低盈利能力的问题。本文以S事业部的业务流程为研究对象,首先对S事业部的经营现状进行了介绍,挖掘发现S事业部存在销货成本及运营费用偏高而降低了S事业部盈利能力,和S事业部业务流程存在非增值作业及低增值作业造成业务流程低效,及S事业部客户满意度低等问题。接着,运用ABM模型对以上问题进行分析,剖析其销货成本及运营费用相关作业,并对业务流程价值进行分析,以确定问题根本原因。从而,提出BU S进行业务流程改善的策略建议,如调整S事业部的组织架构,明确S事业部内职位职责;加强研发进度管理;对客户盈利能力进行管理;与集团平台部门明确协作方式;与关键物料供应商建立战略合作及业务流程优化实施的保障性措施,以提升S事业部的盈利能力。通过研究,得到结论为,运用以客户价值为导向且以作业为中心的分析工具ABM,进行业务流程优化之前需要做好相应的准备工作,如高层的重视与支持及制定有效可行的实施计划;在业务流程优化进行中,需要增强参与人员之间沟通,减少矛盾;在业务流程优化完成后,出台相应的绩效考核和激励制度,确保业务流程优化的实施。
Wasim Iqbal[10]（2020）在《南亚的能源安全、能效以及经济环境绩效研究》文中研究指明化石燃料能源对能源安全有着重要影响。因为第一次石油危机对大多数国家的经济造成了严重的损害,石油供应安全被认为是能源安全的一个重要方面。人们对能源安全和石油供应中断所引起的相关能源安全问题的关注日益增加。从微观和宏观层面的能源安全决策、能源效率以及环境绩效对国家和地区层具有直接影响,因此,本论文对衡量能源安全、能源效率、环境绩效以及可再生能源进行研究,并提出了解决南亚地区的能源三难困境的科学方案。首先,我们以衡量石油供应脆弱性的指数来衡量能源安全,进而比较世界前15个石油进口南亚国家。能源安全指数包括进口石油占GDP比重、市场流动性、地缘政治风险、人均GDP、多元化、进口石油占消费比重、运输风险、油价波动、美元波动等综合指标。综合指标（composite indicator,CI）和主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）是两种常用的方法将上述指标结合起来。虽然已经有许多技术用于评价石油脆弱性指数,如DEA等模型和马科维茨投资组合理论,但没有一种方法将主成分分析和综合指标结合起来,形成石油脆弱性指数。研究结果显示,南亚国家的经济、供应和整体石油脆弱性风险最高;而第二组国家,如比利时、泰国、西班牙、荷兰、日本、韩国、印度和中国,与南亚国家相比,风险相对较小。相反,第三类国家是加拿大、新加坡、英国、法国、意大利、德国和美国,它们被认为是最不脆弱的国家。其次,为了衡量能源效率,我们使用DEA模型计算南亚的环境绩效。与能源安全指数相似,我们采用了常用权重DEA类复合指标来衡量基于能效指数的弱相关综合指标集。结果表明,不丹是一个能源安全与环境绩效最好的国家,巴基斯坦的能源安全与环境绩效呈下降趋势,斯里兰卡和印度的能源安全与环境绩效表现较好;值得注意的是孟加拉国、尼泊尔和阿富汗的能源安全与环境绩效呈现下降趋势。基于研究结果本文提出对策如下:为了实现长期的能源效率和环境绩效促进可再生能源的跨境贸易。第三,没有能源效率,能源安全和环境措施就不完整,因此迫切需要对能源效率进行衡量。为了满足国家能源政策的需求,减少碳排放已成为发展中国家应对全球变暖的基本任务之一。本章采用slack-based DEA模型,从环境绩效的角度衡量能源消耗（PEC）、碳排放和经济环境效率。结果表明,澳大利亚、中国、日本、沙特阿拉伯和波兰的能源效率被认为是表现最好的国家,而墨西哥、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯和巴西被认为是所有入选国家中效率最低的国家。此外,俄罗斯的能源强度得分最高,而波兰得分最低。在二氧化碳排放效率方面,巴西、法国和沙特阿拉伯被认为是有效的,而9个国家的得分低于0.5。结果表明,大多数国家在经济效率方面表现比环境效率更好。最后,环境科学家已经达成共识,确保不间断清洁和绿色能源的供应,集成可再生能源可以进一步增加能源安全和环境绩效。因此本章我们开发了一种新的混合数学模型,将风速范围与对数定律结合起来,得出巴基斯坦风力发电制氢的风能潜力。我们已经在所有地点发现了商业上可行的制氢能力。所有被考虑的地点都有可能产生过量的风能产生可再生氢。如果利用风力发电的全国总能力,巴基斯坦每天可生产51,917,000.39公斤可再生氢。根据我们的研究结果,我们建议汽车和其他交通工具可以使用氢燃料,以节约石油和天然气资源,从而减少能源短缺,为应对气候变化和全球变暖做出贡献。此外,氢也可以用来补充城市能源需求。
二、Establishment and optimization of project investment risk income models on the basis of probability χ distribution（论文开题报告）
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三、Establishment and optimization of project investment risk income models on the basis of probability χ distribution（论文提纲范文）
（1）摩洛哥货币政策实现通货膨胀应对的有效性研究（论文提纲范文）
| 中文摘要 |
| Abstract |
| List of abbreviations |
| General introduction |
| Research background |
| The choice and interest of the subject |
| The issue of the subject |
| The objectives of this work |
| The assumptions of the work |
| Structure of the study |
| FIRST PART THE FRAMEWORK CONCEPT AND PRACTICE OF THE POLICY OF INFLATION TARGETING |
| Introduction of the first part |
| Chapter Ⅰ Conceptual framework |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ- The monetary policy and inflation targeting nominal anchoring regimes |
| A-Anchoring by the exchange rate |
| B- Anchoring by the monetary aggregates |
| Ⅱ_The policy of inflation targeting |
| A- The motivation of the emergence of the policy of inflation targeting |
| B- Definition of inflation targeting in the literature |
| C- The advantages and the disadvantages of the strategy of inflation targeting |
| a-The advantages of inflation targeting |
| b-The disadvantages of inflation targeting |
| Ⅲ-The performance of the regime of inflation targeting in the emerging country |
| A- The achievement in terms of inflation |
| B- The achievement in terms of economic growth |
| Conclusion |
| Chapter Ⅱ The framework for the conduct of monetary policy |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ-The monetary policy between discretion and rules |
| A- The monetary policy discretionary |
| B- The reasons for the rebate in case of monetary policy discretionary |
| C- The development of the literature on the credibility of monetary policy |
| Ⅱ- The emergence of rule monetary policies |
| A- Presentation of the traditional Taylor rule |
| B- The critics of the Taylor rule |
| C- The development of monetary rules to the new rules of Type Taylor |
| D- The rule of McCallum An alternative rule of monetary policy |
| Ⅲ-The optimal rules for the regime of inflation targeting |
| A- The flexible rule to inflation targeting |
| B- The strictly rule to inflation targeting |
| C- The optimal inflation targeting rule |
| Conclusion |
| Chapter Ⅲ The prerequisites for adopting inflation targeting |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ-The literature on the condition prior to the adoption of inflation targeting |
| A- The issue of the prerequisites for the adoption of inflation targeting |
| B- The literature on the condition prior to the adoption of inflation targeting |
| Ⅱ-Institutional prerequisites for the conduct of inflation targeting monetary policy |
| A- The independence of the central bank |
| B- The transparency of the central bank |
| C- The responsibility of the central bank |
| Ⅲ- Economic and technical preconditions |
| A- The economic preconditions |
| a- Budget discipline |
| b- The depth and the development of financial system |
| c-The flexibility of the system of exchange |
| B- The preconditions operational and technical |
| a-The choice of a measure to target inflation |
| b-The determination of the inflation targeting |
| c-The choice of the horizon time adequate to the achievement of the target |
| d-The infrastructure technical progress |
| Conclusion |
| Conclusion of the first part |
| SECOND PART THE STRATEGY OF INFLATION TARGETING IN THE CONTEXT OF MOROCCO |
| Introduction of the second part |
| Chapter IV Evolution of the framework and practices of monetary policy in Morocco |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ The organization of bank al-maghrib from 1959 and the emergence of the central bank |
| A- Decolonization and nationalization of the Bank of Morocco |
| B- The national bank issue model |
| C- Bank Al-Maghrib and turning of Structural Adjustment |
| D- Determinants of the adaptation of monetary environment |
| a- The financial environment experiencing profound changes |
| b- Weaknesses in the monetary system before the reforms |
| c- Objectives related to the reform of the monetary system |
| E-Genesis of the monetary policy in Morocco |
| a- The share of control Direct credit to the economy |
| b- The share of control directly from the liquidity bank |
| c- The policy of the interest rate given |
| Ⅱ Transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Morocco |
| A- Monetary policy Bank Al-Maghrib |
| a- Abandoning Direct controls and the liberalization of rates interest |
| b- Modernizing of intervention Bank Al-Maghrib |
| B- Monetary policy in Morocco since the reforms of the 2000s |
| a- A strategic framework that makes price stability a priority |
| b- An operational framework marked |
| C- The transition to a monetary policy rule in Morocco |
| a- The redesign of the determination of the objectives of the monetary policy |
| b- The overhaul in the instruments of the monetary policy |
| Ⅲ-The monetary policy in Morocco toward a strategy of inflation targeting |
| A- The primacy of the price stability in terms of monetary policy in Morocco |
| B- The new framework analytical of the monetary policy in Morocco |
| C- Monetary policy instruments during the current phase |
| a-The instruments of the monetary policy used to the initiative of BANK AL-Maghrib |
| b-The operations at the initiative of the banks |
| c-The monetary reserve |
| D- effectiveness of the policy in bank al maghrib |
| a- The theoretical basis of a policy based on monetary aggregates |
| b- Money demand function in Morocco and study of its stability |
| c- Implication |
| instability the demand for money the effectiveness of Monetary policy in Morocco |
| d- Evaluation of the setting in implementing the decisions newest of the monetary policy |
| Conclusion |
| Chapter V Existing problems of the Moroccan monetary policy transmission mechanism |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ- Monetary policy transmission channels |
| A- The different channels of transmission of the monetary policy |
| a-channel traditional of the interest rate |
| b-The channel of credit |
| c-The channel of exchange rate |
| d-The channel of the prices assets |
| B- The transmission specifications of monetary policy in the countries in development |
| a-The impact of the underdevelopment of the financial system on the transmission of monetary policy |
| b-The impact of the fixed exchange rate regime |
| Ⅱ-Assessment of the monetary policy transmission environment in Morocco |
| A- The channel of interest rate in Morocco |
| B- The channel of credit in Morocco |
| C- The price channel of financial assets |
| D- The exchange rate channel in Morocco |
| a-Towards a new monetary policy |
| b-The co-integration tests |
| Ⅲ- Empirical evaluation of the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Morocco |
| A- Origin of the modeling Vector autoregressive VAR |
| B- Review of empirical literature relating to the use of the VAR model to study monetary transmission |
| C- Data and methodology |
| a-Specification of the model |
| b-The justification for the choice of variables |
| D- The order of variables Study of the stationary |
| a-The stationarity of the weighted average rate interbank TMP |
| b-The stationarity of the variable credit to the private sector |
| c-The stationarity of the variable GDP real |
| d-The stationarity of the variable CPI |
| e-The stationarity of the MASI variable t |
| E- Estimation and verification of the stability of the VAR model |
| a-Study of the stability of the VAR model |
| b-Determination of the number of delay optimal for the model VAR |
| c-The functions of response impulse |
| d-The decomposition of the variance |
| F- Reconciliation and comparison of the results obtained |
| Chapter VI Assessment of the preconditions for the implementation of inflation targeting in Morocco |
| Introduction |
| Ⅰ-Assessment of institutional preconditions for inflation targeting in Morocco |
| A- Assessment of the degree of independence of the Moroccan central bank |
| a-Assessment of the legal independence of Bank Al-Maghrib by the Cukierman index |
| b-Evaluation of the index of independence actual Bank Al-Maghrib |
| B- Evaluation of the transparency and communication of BANK Al-Maghrib |
| a- The communication documented in Bank Al-Maghrib |
| b- Direct communication with the public |
| Ⅱ Assessment of economic preconditions for inflation targeting in Morocco |
| A- Evaluation of the discipline budget in Morocco |
| a-Analysis of the budget deficit in Morocco |
| b-Analysis of the evolution of the debt public |
| B- Assessment of the adequacy of the Moroccan exchange rate regime with the requirements of inflation targeting |
| a-Reading of the current exchange rate regime in Morocco |
| b-Evaluation of prerequisites to the flexibility of exchange in Morocco |
| C- Assessment of the depth of the Moroccan financial system |
| a-The depth of the Moroccan banking sector |
| b-The depth of financial markets in Morocco |
| Ⅲ-Assessment of technical preconditions in Morocco |
| A- The device informational of Bank Al-Maghrib |
| a-Expansion of monetary statistics of Bank Al-Maghrib |
| b-The eve informational by the investigations of Bank Al-Maghrib |
| B- The measurement of inflation in Morocco |
| a-The consumer price index An innovation in the measurement of inflation |
| b-The measure of inflation by the method of exclusion |
| C- The technical device of Bank Al-Maghrib in terms of the forecast inflation |
| Conclusion second part |
| Recommendation |
| General conclusion |
| English references |
| French References |
| Appendix |
| Papers |
| Acknowledgements |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（2）财政分权对经济发展的影响 ——基于乌克兰的实证研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS |
| CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 Rationale on FD |
| 1.2 Aim, scope, novelties, and main contributions of the study, and the structure ofthe dissertation |
| 1.3 Local autonomy and fiscal policy in Ukraine |
| 1.4 Background on FD and socio-economic crisis in Ukraine |
| CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW |
| 2.1 International legislature on FD and its efficiency component |
| 2.2 Effects of FD on economic growth and the analytical unit applied |
| 2.3 Effects of FD on economic growth and conceptual framework applied |
| 2.4 Review on FD determinants |
| 2.5 Discussion about the results from the literature review |
| CHAPTER THREE: FD REFORM IN UKRAINE |
| 3.1 Trend of FD in Ukraine |
| 3.2 RD in Ukraine |
| 3.3 ED in Ukraine |
| 3.4 Discussion on ways to ensure effective FD in Ukraine |
| CHAPTER FOUR: FD AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE |
| 4.1 Theoretical framework and model estimation |
| 4.2 A simple additive weighting method |
| 4.3 Hypothesis, explanatory variables, and methodology |
| 4.3.1 Hypothesis and explanatory variables |
| 4.3.2 Methodology and robustness checks |
| 4.4 Empirical findings |
| 4.4.1 Regression results on ED |
| 4.4.2 Regression results on RD |
| 4.4.3 Endogeneity issues |
| 4.5 Models to find causal relationship between FD and economic growth |
| 4.5.1 Finite distributed lag model to find causal relationship between FD andeconomic growth |
| 4.5.2 Finite distributed 'leads' model to predict causal relationship between FDand economic growth |
| 4.5.3 ARTMA out of sample forecasts on FD trends |
| 4.6 FD survey data analysis |
| 4.7 Interpretation of findings upon Ukrainian case |
| CHAPTER FIVE:FD AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH:EVIDENCE FROMCROSS-SECTIONAL and PANEL DATA |
| 5.1 Model, estimation and empirical findings on cross-sectional data |
| 5.2 Regression results on state-level cross-sectional model |
| 5.3 Model estimation and empirical findings on panel data |
| CHAPTER SIX: FD, REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ALONGSIDE REFORMS IN UKRAINE |
| 6.1 Data modeling and regression estimation |
| 6.2 Results and discussion |
| CHAPTER SEVEN: FD AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DETERMINANTS:DYNAMICESTIMATIONS |
| 7.1 Factors determining intra-regional FD in Ukraine |
| 7.1.1 Data modeling and theoretical discussion |
| 7.1.2 Model estimation strategy |
| 7.1.3 Results and discussion |
| 7.1.4 Summary on FD determinants |
| 7.2. Factors determining intra-regional economic growth in Ukraine |
| 7.2.1 Data modelling and regression estimation |
| 7.2.2 Dynamic panel Ⅳ to deal with endogeneity issue |
| CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS |
| APPENDICES |
| APPENDIX A |
| APPENDIX B |
| APPENDIX C |
| APPENDIX D |
| APPENDIX E |
| APPENDIX F |
| APPENDIX G_(48) |
| APPENDIX H |
| APPENDIX I |
| APPENDIX J |
| APPENDIX K |
| APPENDIX L |
| APPENDIX M |
| LIST OF REFERENCES |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
| LIST OF PUBLISHED ACADEMIC PAPERS |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（3）刚果政府财政政策对该国基础教育质量改进的效果研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| EPIGRAPHY |
| DEDICATION |
| ACRONYMS |
| CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. General background of the study |
| 1.2. Statement of the Problem |
| 1.3. Research Questions and Assumptions |
| 1.3.1. Research Questions |
| 1.3.2. Research Hypotheses |
| 1.4. Research Goals |
| 1.4.1. General goals |
| 1.4.2. Specific goals |
| 1.5. Significance of the study |
| 1.5.1. At the theoretical or practical level |
| 1.5.2. At the socio-economic level |
| 1.6. Space-time delimitation |
| 1.7. Thesis structure |
| CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW |
| 2.1. Introduction |
| 2.2. Conceptual framework |
| 2.2.1. Government financial measures |
| 2.2.2. Quality basic education |
| 2.3. Theoretical framework |
| 2.3.1. Quality basic education |
| 2.3.2. Theoretical models on the production function of quality basic education |
| 2.3.3. Basic education financing |
| 2.4. Government financial measures on improving the quality of basic education |
| 2.5. Research gap on literature review |
| 2.5.1. Quality basic education |
| 2.5.2. Basic education environment |
| 2.5.3. Basic education financing |
| 2.5.4. Government financial measures |
| 2.5.5. International organizations |
| 2.6. Education sector goals and priorities |
| 2.6.1. Education and other complementary disciplines |
| 2.6.2. Government Goals |
| 2.6.3. Ministry of Education objectives (by level) |
| 2.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 3: INVENTORY OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO |
| 3.1. Overview of the country |
| 3.1.1. Political background |
| 3.1.2. Political-administrative context |
| 3.1.3. Social and cultural background |
| 3.1.4. Economic background |
| 3.1.5. National Development Strategy |
| 3.1.6. Education: Universal Primary Education |
| 3.1.7. Governance and Reconstruction Challenges |
| 3.2. Diagnosis of the Educational System in the DRC |
| 3.2.1. History |
| 3.2.2. Legal and contractual framework |
| 3.2.3. Educational Sector Organization and Structure |
| 3.3. Some statistics on the diagnosis of the education system:schooling in DR Congo |
| 3.3.1. Preschool education |
| 3.3.2. Primary:development and disparities |
| 3.3.3. Secondary education: the necessary restructuring |
| 3.3.4. Higher education |
| 3.3.5. Non-formal education |
| 3.3.6. Introduction to new citizenship |
| 3.3.7. Gender and Education in the DRC |
| 3.4. Education Sector Financing |
| 3.4.1. General background |
| 3.4.2. EPSP Funding |
| 3.4.3. Budget allocation |
| 3.4.4. Share of education in total public expenditure |
| 3.5. Teacher Management |
| 3.5.1. General background |
| 3.5.2. Professionalization of teachers in DR Congo |
| 3.5.3. Teacher training in the Democratic Republic of Congo |
| 3.5.4. Human Resources Management |
| 3.5.5. Creating schools and administrative structures |
| 3.5.6. Payroll management |
| 3.5.7. Arrangement to pay teachers' salaries |
| 3.5.8. Cumulative risk and well-being of teachers in DR Congo |
| 3.6. Challenges of Congolese education |
| 3.6.1. Major problems |
| 3.6.2. Challenges |
| 3.7. Performance of the education sector in DR Congo |
| 3.7.1. Access and schooling |
| 3.7.2. Quality and effectiveness of education |
| 3.7.3. Equity and disparities |
| 3.8. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES OF THE RESEARCH |
| 4.1. General background |
| 4.2. Construction of the theoretical model of the study |
| 4.3. Data collection and instruments |
| 4.4. Research Design |
| 4.5. Geographical area of the study |
| 4.6. Sample study |
| 4.6.1. Nature of data |
| 4.6.2. Data types |
| 4.6.3. Population or participants |
| 4.6.4. Socio-demographic characteristics |
| 4.6.5. Sampling techniques and procedures |
| 4.6.6. Data management |
| 4.6.7. Data validity |
| 4.7. Research planning |
| 4.7.1. Interview Guide |
| 4.7.2. Survey Questionnaire |
| 4.8. Ethical consideration of the study |
| 4.8.1. Ethics and Research |
| 4.8.2. Criticism of the ethical aspects of the study |
| 4.8.3. Documentation and procedure for authorizing the Survey |
| 4.8.4. Consent of participants |
| 4.8.5. Privacy through anonymity and confidentiality |
| 4.9. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS |
| Section 1: Presentation, analysis and interpretation of results |
| 5.1. Introduction |
| 5.1.1. Global results of the effects of government financial measures on improvingthe quality of basic education in the DRC |
| 5.1.2. Analytical results of the effects of government financial measures onimproving basic education in DR Congo |
| 5.1.3. Funding for basic education and the Covid-19 pandemic |
| 5.1.4. Direct and indirect effects of government financial measures on the quality ofbasic education |
| 5.1.5. Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Threats and Opportunities ofGovernment Financial Measures on Improving Basic Education in DR Congo |
| 5.1.6. Statistical results of the effects of the Congolese Government's financialmeasures on the improvement of basic education |
| 5.2. Discussions |
| 5.2.1. Government Financial Measures |
| 5.2.2. Improving basic education |
| 5.2.3. Macroeconomic Framework |
| 5.3. Summary of Section 1 |
| Section 2: Government Priorities |
| 5.4. Introduction |
| 5.4.1. Government measures to strengthen macroeconomic framework |
| 5.4.2. Government financial measures for the EPST Ministry (Vision and Mission) |
| 5.5. Principles of organization, governance and operation |
| 5.6. Sector Strategic Directions |
| 5.6.1. Promoting a fair education system for growth and jobs |
| 5.6.2. Creating the conditions for a quality education system |
| 5.6.3. Establishing transparent and effective governance |
| 5.7. Cost of the strategy and its financing |
| 5.7.1. The evolution of schooling/ enrollment |
| 5.7.2. The cost of the strategy |
| 5.7.3. Funding the strategy |
| 5.8. Risks and mitigation measures |
| 5.8.1. Political risks and their mitigation |
| 5.8.2. Financial and budgetary risks and their mitigation |
| 5.8.3. Institutional risks and their mitigation |
| 5.8.4. The direct risks of conflict to schooling |
| 5.8.5. Synthetic Matrix of Risks and Mitigation |
| 5.9. Implementation and Strategy Monitoring |
| 5.10. Summary of Section 2 |
| CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 6.1. Summary of Research |
| 6.2. Main findings |
| 6.3. Limitations |
| 6.4. Recommendations |
| REFERENCES |
| ANNEXES |
| Annex 1: Overview of the Constitution articles related to the economic and educativesituation in the DR Congo |
| Annex 2: Educational policies background |
| Annex 3: Organizational and Functional Structure of education in the DR Congo |
| Annex 4: Overview of the governance relationship in the DR Congo |
| Annex 5: Survey Questionnaire |
| Annex 6: Survey Question for interview and focus group (Interview grid model) |
| Annex 7: Grill model of group discussion per question |
| Annex 8: Current situation of basic education in the DR Congo |
| Annex 9: Statistical Assessment of basic education in the DR Congo |
| Annex 10: Some statistical indicators by basic education level in the DR Congo |
| Annex 11: Statistical Results related to the effects of Government financial measureson improving quality of the DRC basic education |
| Annex 12: Congolese Government Priorities 2016-2025 |
| Annex 13: Action Plan 2016-2020:Breakdown of activities by implementationstructure |
| Annex 14: Documentation and Research attestation |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
（4）基础设施背景下对发展中国家旅游业的效率评估 ——两阶段的超效率松弛法（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background |
| 1.2 Research Significance |
| 1.3 Research Objectives and Problem Statement |
| 1.4 Research Methods |
| 1.5 Innovation and Contribution |
| 1.6 Research Content |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review |
| 2.1 Tourism Industry in Developing Country |
| 2.2 Tourism Infrastructure |
| 2.3 Efficiency Assessment of Tourism Industry |
| Chapter 3 Mathematical Context |
| 3.1 Efficiency |
| 3.2 Data Envelopment Analysis |
| 3.3 Slacks-based Measure |
| 3.4 Super-efficiency Slacks-based Measure |
| Chapter 4 Method and Material |
| 4.1 Conventional DEA Model |
| 4.2 First Stage of Two-stage Super-efficiency SBM Framework |
| 4.3 Second Stage of Two-stage Super-efficiency SBM Framework |
| 4.4 Case Study |
| 4.5 Input and Output Variables |
| Chapter 5 Results and Discussion |
| 5.1 Empirical Results |
| 5.2 The Impact of Infrastructure on Improving the Tourism Industry in DevelopingCountries |
| 5.3 Tourism Development in Developing Countries |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Directions |
| 6.1 Conclusion |
| References |
| Appendix |
| Appendix 1 |
| Academic Articles and Research Outcomes StudyPeriod |
（5）资管新规视角下私人银行理财业务的转型发展研究 ——以H行为例（论文提纲范文）
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
| Abstract |
| 摘要 |
| List of Abbreviations |
| Chapter1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Topic Rationalizing |
| 1.2 Research Significance |
| 1.3 Research Methodology |
| 1.3.1 Literature Review Method |
| 1.3.2 Qualitative Analysis Method |
| 1.3.3 Quantitative Analysis Method |
| 1.4 Research Content |
| Chapter2 Literature Review |
| 2.1 Regulatory Review of Commercial Bank Asset Management |
| 2.2 Review of Wealth Management Business Models of Private Bank |
| 2.3 Review of the Transformation Direction of Private Bank |
| 2.4 Overall Review |
| Chapter3 State Analysis of H Private Bank Wealth Management Business |
| 3.1 About H private bank |
| 3.1.1 H Private Bank Profile |
| 3.1.2 H Bank Organizational Structure |
| 3.1.3 H Bank Performance |
| 3.2 H Private Bank Existing Wealth Management Business Model |
| 3.2.1 Status of Wealth Management Products |
| 3.2.2 The Advantages of the Existing Model |
| 3.2.3 The Disadvantage of the Existing Model |
| 3.3 H Private Bank Wealth Management Business Problems and Challenges |
| 3.3.1 Implicit Rigid Payment |
| 3.3.2 Term Mismatch |
| 3.3.3 The Product Hosting Bank did not Comply with the Regulations |
| 3.3.4 Product Innovation Fails to Meet Customer Demand |
| 3.4 H Private Bank External Factor analysis- PEST Analysis |
| 3.4.1 Economic |
| 3.4.2 Politics |
| 3.4.3 Society |
| 3.4.4 Technology |
| 3.4.5 PEST Analysis Conclusion |
| Chapter4 The Impact of the New Rules on H Private Bank |
| 4.1 The Specific Content Interpretation of the New Rules |
| 4.1.1 Key Points of the New Rules |
| 4.1.2 Key Points of Financial Management Rules |
| 4.1.3 Key Points of Methods of Financial Management Subsidiaries |
| 4.2 Positive Impact of the New Rules |
| 4.2.1 Opportunities in a Large Customer Base |
| 4.2.2 Development Opportunities by the Upgrading of Demand |
| 4.2.3 Group Platform Advantages |
| 4.3 Negative Impacts under the New Rules |
| 4.3.1 The Autonomy of Product Investment Management is Weakened |
| 4.3.2 Lack of Product Innovation Ability |
| 4.3.3 Tighter Regulatory Policy brings Constraints |
| 4.3.4 The Product Failed to Keep Up with Customer Demand |
| 4.4 Existing Wealth Management Business Model Matching Direction |
| Chapter5 The Transformation and Development Plan of H Private Bank |
| 5.1 Plan A |
| 5.1.1 Strengthen Communication,Improve Management Capacity |
| 5.1.2 Precision Marketing with Fintech |
| 5.2 Plan B |
| 5.2.1 Insist Customer as the Center,Strengthen the Brand Effect |
| 5.2.2 Increase Product Innovation,Adapt to Diversified Needs |
| 5.2.3 Using the Advantage of the Group,Broaden Channels |
| 5.2.4 Conduct Professional Training,Build Excellent Team |
| 5.3 Suggested Options and Reasons |
| Chapter6 Conclusions and Recommendations |
| 6.1 Conclusions |
| 6.2 Recommendation |
| Reference |
| 在学期间发表论文清单 |
（6）中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径（论文提纲范文）
| CHINESE ABSTRACT |
| ABSTRACT |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. Background of the Study |
| 1.2. Why Compare Environmental Laws of Pakistan and China? |
| 1.3. Hypothesis |
| 1.4. Research Problem |
| 1.5. Research Question (s) |
| 1.6. Aims and Objectives of the Study |
| 1.7. Research Methodology |
| 1.8. The Significance and Scope of the Study |
| 1.9. Outline of the Thesis |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK |
| 2.1. The Environment Law and International Law |
| 2.2. Environmental Policies and Criteria for its Evaluation |
| 2.3. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 2.4. Enforcement Mechanisms of Environmental Laws |
| 2.4.1. Enforcement Mechanism and its Different Kinds |
| 2.4.2. The United Nations and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.3. Environmental Law and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.4. Environmental Mechanisms and Policies in Pakistan |
| 2.4.5. China's Environmental Policies and Mechanisms |
| 2.5. Legal Challenges in Enforcing Environmental Laws Across the Boarders |
| 2.5.1. Transboundary Environmental Harm and Cluster-litigation |
| 2.5.2. Access to Domestic and Human Rights Courts |
| 2.5.3. Forums of Inter-state Claims |
| 2.5.4. Non-Judicial Fora |
| 2.5.5. Limited Scope of the Applicable Law |
| 2.6. A Need for Regional Legal Cooperation in Environmental Issus |
| 2.6.1. A Reference from other Regional Cooperation in Environmental Matters |
| 2.6.2. International Trade, International Law, and Environmental Concerns |
| 2.6.3. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 2.6.4. Establishing a Close Connection between Environmental Protection and Trade |
| 2.6.5. Building National, Regional and Global Environmental Networks |
| 2.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INPAKISTAN |
| 3.1. Introduction |
| 3.2. Key Environmental Challenges and their Impacts in Pakistan |
| 3.2.1. An Era of Environmental Unawareness |
| 3.2.2. Issues Concerning Water Resources and Pollution |
| 3.2.3. Energy Issues and Current Situation in Pakistan |
| 3.2.4. Pollution and Waste Management |
| 3.2.5. Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management |
| 3.2.6. Transboundary Environmental Issues |
| 3.2.7. Climate Change and Variability |
| 3.2.8. EIA and Challenges Faced by Legal Consultants in Pakistan |
| 3.2.9. Climate Change Effects on Key Sectors of Pakistan |
| 3.3. National Environmental Priorities for Action in Pakistan |
| 3.3.1. Past Environmental Records |
| 3.3.2. Environment-Related Information Needs |
| 3.3.3. Key Environment(al) (Performance) Indicators |
| 3.3.4. Capacity Building for the Environment |
| 3.3.5. Social Action Project on Environment; Environmental Awareness andEducation |
| 3.3.6. Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in Pakistan |
| 3.4. Environmental Policy, Legislative, and Institutional Frameworks in Pakistan |
| 3.4.1. Environmental Management Policies in Pakistan |
| 3.4.2. Establishment of Environmental Tribunals, Green Benches, and SustainableDevelopment Fund in Pakistan |
| 3.4.3. EIA in Pakistan |
| 3.4.4. Carbon Emissions Scheme in Pakistan |
| 3.5. Recommendations to Implement Environmental Policies More Efficiently |
| 3.5.1. Enhance and Facilitate the Environmental Education |
| 3.5.2. Provision of Basic Sanitation and Access to Clean Water for All |
| 3.5.3. Consider Energy Efficiency as Pivot of NEP |
| 3.5.4. Monitoring Urban Air Pollution |
| 3.5.5. Public-private Partnerships for Cleaner Production |
| 3.5.6. Emission Control and Trading Scheme |
| 3.5.7. Transboundary Environment Management |
| 3.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INCHINA |
| 4.1. Introduction |
| 4.2. Effects and Limitations of Environmental Challenges in China |
| 4.2.1. History of Environmental Pollution in China |
| 4.2.2. China's Environmental Health Challenges |
| 4.2.3. Impacts of Air Pollution in China |
| 4.2.4. Limitation of the Study of China's Environmental Regulatory System |
| 4.3. How Does China Treat Emissions? |
| 4.3.1. Emissions Targets |
| 4.3.2. Emission Trading Scheme in China |
| 4.3.3. The Chinese Certified Emission Reduction |
| 4.3.4. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification |
| 4.3.5. Environmental Impact Assessments in China |
| 4.3.6. Environmental Insurance |
| 4.4. Establishment of Environmental Courts and Ministries |
| 4.4.1. Establishment of Ministry of Environmental Protection |
| 4.4.2. Creation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment |
| 4.4.3. Creation of Specialised Environmental Courts |
| 4.5. Measures Taken to Enforce Environmental Laws and Counter EnvironmentalChallenges |
| 4.5.1. Environmental Laws and Standards |
| 4.5.2. China's New Environmental Protection Law |
| 4.5.3. Environmental Regulatory Framework |
| 4.5.4. Environmental NGOs in China |
| 4.5.5. Environmental Police Force |
| 4.5.6. The Environmental Protection Tax Law |
| 4.6. Criticism and Recommendations |
| 4.6.1. No Tax on CO2 Emissions Included in the newly amended EPL |
| 4.6.2. No Punishment for the Government Personnel on Their Failure |
| 4.6.3. Key Failings of the SO_2 Emissions Trading Market |
| 4.6.4. How Can the New EPL Be Implemented Even Better? |
| 4.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS AND CURRENT PRACTICES IN CHINA ANDPAKISTAN |
| 5.1. Introduction |
| 5.2. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in China |
| 5.2.1. Environmental Management Rules in China |
| 5.2.2. Public Interest Litigation in China |
| 5.2.3. The Chinese Institutional Setup and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 5.3. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Pakistan |
| 5.3.1. Existing Environmental Legislation |
| 5.3.2. Environmental related Institutions in Pakistan |
| 5.4. Transboundary Environmental Law in the Context of International Law |
| 5.4.1. Approaches to Customary International Law and Transboundary EnvironmentalHarms |
| 5.4.2. International Law and Pertinent Decisions of International Tribunals |
| 5.4.3. International Treaties and Protocols |
| 5.4.4. The Comparative Law Functions and its Relevance with InternationalEnvironmental Law |
| 5.4.5. From National to International--Topical Trends in Environmental Liabilityfrom Comparative and International Law Perspectives |
| 5.5. Comparative Discussion and Analysis |
| 5.5.1. Public Participation in Environmental Matters |
| 5.5.2. Environmental Impact Assessment System in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.3. Carbon Emission Schemes in China |
| 5.5.4. Carbon Emissions Schemes in Pakistan |
| 5.5.5. Sustainable Development and the Role of ASEAN in the RegionalEnvironmental Law Perspective |
| 5.5.6. The Role of Judiciary in Environmental Matters in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.7. Transboundary Environmental Issues and Pertinent (Regional) Legislation |
| 5.5.8. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.9. Increasing Consistency between Domestic Environmental Legislation andInternational Trade Law |
| 5.5.10. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 5.5.11. Economic Concerns and Development of Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.12. Policy Transfer and Lesson Drawing--Legal Cooperation |
| 5.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 6.1. Concluding Remarks |
| 6.2. Recommendations |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| BOOKS |
| JOURNAL ARTICLES |
| OTHER RESOURCES |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| LIST OF ACADEMIC PAPERS PUBLISHED DURING THE COURSE OF A (PHD)DEGREE |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（7）A公司华南市场营销策略研究（论文提纲范文）
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
| ABSTRACT |
| 摘要 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS |
| CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 Research background of the thesis |
| 1.2 Research purpose and significance of the thesis |
| 1.3 The research framework and method of the thesis |
| 1.3.1 The research framework of the thesis |
| 1.3.2 Research method of the thesis |
| CHAPTER2 LITERATURE REVIEW |
| 2.1 The meaning of marketing performance and its influencing factors |
| 2.1.1 Marketing performance |
| 2.1.2 Performance Marketing |
| 2.1.3 Factors affecting marketing performance |
| 2.2 Marketing strategies for industrial products |
| 2.2.1 Review of domestic and foreign literature on industrial productmarketing strategies |
| 2.2.2 Characteristics of industrial products and markets and the differenceswith consumer product marketing |
| 2.3 Value chain theory |
| 2.3.1 Value chain theory and analysis methods |
| 2.3.2 Development of value chain theory at abroad |
| 2.3.3 The development of value chain theory in China |
| 2.4 STP theory |
| 2.4.1 STP theory:market segmentation,target market,market positioning |
| 2.4.2 STP theory literature review |
| CHAPTER3 CASE DESCRIPTION AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS |
| 3.1 Company Profile |
| 3.1.1 Company profile,business model and industry description |
| 3.1.2 Company business model |
| 3.1.3 Main operating conditions(Internal financial data from the company) |
| 3.2 The main problems in the current marketing work in South China and thespecific manifestations and causes of the problems: |
| 3.2.1 Main problem |
| 3.2.2 The specific performance of marketing status issues and |
| 3.2.3 |
| CHAPTER4 CASE ANALYSIS |
| 4.1 Company A's position in the value chain |
| 4.1.1 Company A value chain overview |
| 4.1.2 Company A's competitive position in the industry value chain |
| 4.2 Company A competitive environment analysis |
| 4.2.1 Analysis of supplier influencing factors:the bargaining power ofsuppliers is weak |
| 4.2.2 Analysis of buyer's influence factors |
| 4.2.3 Analysis of influencing factors for potential entrants |
| 4.2.4 Analysis of the influencing factors of substitutes |
| 4.2.5 Analysis of factors influencing the competition degree of competitorsin the same industry |
| 4.3 SWOT analysis of the company's market in South China |
| 4.3.1 Analysis of external opportunities |
| 4.3.2 Analysis of External Threat:Industry Characteristics Blocking andIncreasing Competition Pressure |
| 4.3.3 Advantages within the company |
| 4.3.4 Weaknesses in internal the company |
| 4.4 Company A's southern China target market and positioning analysis |
| 4.4.1 Market segmentation and target market selection plan |
| 4.4.2 Market positioning plan |
| CHAPTER5 MARKETING STRATEGY SUGGESTIONS |
| 5.1 Company A marketing strategy optimization suggestions |
| 5.1.1 Based on the company's customized product strategy |
| 5.1.2 Channel strategy based on the company's unique advantages |
| 5.1.3 Based on Company A's customized price strategy |
| 5.1.4 Promotion strategy based on value chain theory |
| 5.2 Company A's marketing implementation guarantee measures |
| 5.2.1 Guarantee of marketing finance |
| 5.2.2 Guarantee of company organization and management |
| 5.2.3 Guarantee of talents and culture |
| CHAPTER6 CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS |
| 6.1 Main conclusion |
| 6.2 Management inspiration |
| 6.3 Research limitations and future prospects |
| REFERENCES |
| APPENDIX |
（8）南亚可再生能源发展影响因素及动态策略模型研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background |
| 1.2 Research Significance |
| 1.3 Research Status and Development Trend at Home |
| 1.4 Research Status and Development Trend at Abroad |
| 1.5 Ecological Modernization as General Theoretical Perspective |
| 1.6 Sustainable Consumption Theories:A Conceptual Framework |
| 1.7 Key Issues to be Solved |
| 1.8 Key Research Contents and Dissertation technical roadmap |
| 1.9 Major Research Contributions |
| Chapter 2 South Asian Consumers'Influence Factors and Dynamic Strategies forRenewable Energy Development |
| 2.1 Introduction |
| 2.2 Theoretical Framework |
| 2.3 Hypotheses formulation |
| 2.3.1 Attitude |
| 2.3.2 Subjective Norms |
| 2.3.3 Perceived Behavioral Control |
| 2.3.4 Belief about Renewable Energy Cost |
| 2.3.5 Environmental Concern |
| 2.4 Research Methods |
| 2.4.1 Description and Data Collection |
| 2.4.2 Data Analysis |
| 2.5 Results and Analysis |
| 2.5.1 Characteristics of the Participants |
| 2.5.2 Descriptive Statistics and the Test of Discriminant Validity |
| 2.5.3 Testing the Model Fit |
| 2.5.4 Hypotheses Results and Estimations of Structural Equation |
| 2.5.5 Alternative Mediation Model |
| 2.6 Discussions |
| 2.6.1 Relationship Between Attitude, Consumers' Intention and WTP for RE |
| 2.6.2 Relationship Between Subjective Norms, Consumers'Intention and WTPfor RE |
| 2.6.3 Relationship Between Perceived Behavioral Control, Consumers'Intention and WTP for RE |
| 2.6.4 Relationship Between Belief About RE Cost, Consumers' Intention andWTP for RE |
| 2.6.5 Relationship Between Environmental Concern, Consumers' Intention andWTP for RE |
| 2.7 Dynamic Strategies for Renewable Energy Development |
| 2.8 Conclusions |
| Chapter 3 Critical Influencing Factors and Dynamic Strategies for Wind IndustryDevelopment in India |
| 3.1 Introduction |
| 3.2 Research Methodology |
| 3.3 Diamond Model Analysis of The Indian Wind Industry |
| 3.3.1 Factor Condition |
| 3.3.1.1 Wind Energy Resource Potential |
| 3.3.1.2 Change in Energy Structure |
| 3.3.1.3 Programs and Projects |
| 3.3.2 Demand Condition |
| 3.3.2.1 Huge Demand for Energy |
| 3.3.2.2 Installed Wind Capacity |
| 3.3.2.3 Power Supply Condition |
| 3.3.3 Chance |
| 3.3.3.1 Industry Oportunities |
| 3.3.3.2 Industry Challenges |
| 3.3.4 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry |
| 3.3.5 Related and Support Industry |
| 3.3.5.1 Wind Equipment Manufacturing |
| 3.3.5.2 Grid Construction |
| 3.3.6 Government |
| 3.3.6.1 Laws and Regulations |
| 3.3.6.2 Policies |
| 3.3.6.3 Tax Structure |
| 3.4 Future Prediction and Potential Problems |
| 3.5 Discussion |
| 3.6 Dynamic Strategies for Wind Industry Development |
| 3.7 Conclusions |
| Chapter 4 Heterogeneous Influence Factors of Wind Industry and policyrecommendations in India |
| 4.1 Introduction |
| 4.1.1 Motivation of the study |
| 4.1.2 Contributions of the study |
| 4.2 Methodology |
| 4.2.1 Research framework |
| 4.2.2 Development of value chain model of the wind power industry |
| 4.3 Five Forces Model Analysis of Indian Wind Power Industry |
| 4.3.1 Competitiveness of Industry |
| 4.3.1.1 Industry Situation |
| 4.3.1.2 SWOT analysis of the Indian wind power industry |
| 4.3.13. Policy background |
| 4.3.1.4 Profitability and competitiveness of the market |
| 4.3.2 The bargaining power of suppliers |
| 4.3.2.1 Suppliers of raw materials |
| 4.3.2.2 Suppliers of key equipment |
| 4.3.2.3 The capacity for reducing carbon emissions |
| 4.3.3 The bargaining power of buyers |
| 4.3.3.1 Tariff price |
| 4.3.3.2 Influence of policy |
| 4.3.4 Threats from potential competitors |
| 4.3.4.1 Market regulations |
| 4.3.4.2 Resource demand |
| 4.3.5 Threats from substitutes |
| 4.3.5.1 Coal-based energy structure |
| 4.3.5.2 Other renewable energy technologies |
| 4.4. Future Predictions and Potential Problems of Wind Industry |
| 4.5. Discussion and Policy Recommendations |
| 4.6 Conclusions |
| Chapter 5 Influencing factors of Pakistan's Power Industry. Overview, Challengesand Dynamic Strategies for Biomass Energy Development |
| 5.1 Introduction |
| 5.2 Energy Situation in Pakistan |
| 5.2.1 Energy Mix |
| 5.2.2 Electricity Consumption Situation |
| 5.3 Research Source Information |
| 5.4 Biomass Potential in Pakistan |
| 5.5 Potential of Energy Generation of Major Biomass Resources |
| 5.5.1. Fuelwood |
| 5.5.2 Crop Residues |
| 5.5.3 Animal Dung |
| 5.5.4 Municipal Solid Waste |
| 5.6 Environmental and Socio-Economic Benefits |
| 5.6.1 Environmental Benefits |
| 5.6.2 Socio-Economic Benefits |
| 5.6.2.1 Inexpensive Energy |
| 5.6.2.2 Employment Generation |
| 5.7 Challenges of Utilization |
| 5.8 Discussion and Dynamic Strategies for Biomass Energy Development |
| 5.9 Conclusions |
| Chapter 6 Modeling Influence Factors of Off-Grid Solar PV Development inPakistan: Barriers and Dynamic Strategies |
| 6.1 Introduction |
| 6.2 Solar PV Development and Issues in Pakistan |
| 6.2.1 Development of Solar PV in Rural Regions |
| 6.2.2 Issues with Solar PV in Rural Regions |
| 6.3 Research Methodology |
| 6.3.1 Determining the Solar Energy Potential |
| 6.3.2 Solar Irradiation and Determining the Optimal Tilt Angle |
| 6.3.3 The Economic Viability of Solar PV System |
| 6.3.3.1 The Size and Battery Storage of Solar PV System |
| 6.3.3.2 Levelized Cost of Electricity |
| 6.3.4 Emission Mitigation of Solar PV System |
| 6.4 Results and Discussion |
| 6.4.1 Analyzing the Potential of Solar Energy |
| 6.4.2 Solar Irradiation Received at the Optimal Tilt Angle |
| 6.4.3 Economic Viability of Solar PV System |
| 6.4.4 Emissions Mitigation from Solar PV Power Generation System |
| 6.5 Barriers to Solar Energy Development |
| 6.5.1 Economical Barriers |
| 6.5.2 Policy Barriers |
| 6.5.3 Technological Barriers |
| 6.5.4 Information and Human Resource Barriers |
| 6.5.5 Social Barriers |
| 6.6 Dynamic Strategies for Solar Energy Development |
| 6.7 Conclusions |
| Chapter 7 Dynamic Strategies Analysis of South Asia |
| Chapter 8 Conclusions and Future Work |
| 8.1 Conclusions |
| 8.2 Future Work |
| References |
| Appendix |
| Publications |
| Acknowledgements |
| About the Author |
（9）基于作业基础管理理论的业务流程优化策略研究 ——以B集团S事业部为例（论文提纲范文）
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
| ABSTRACT |
| 摘要 |
| 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background and Significance |
| 1.2 Research Content |
| 1.3 Research Method |
| 1.4 Technical Thread and Structure of Thesis |
| 2 Literature review |
| 2.1 Concepts and Tools for Optimization of Business Process |
| 2.1.1 Business Process |
| 2.1.2 Business Process Reengineering |
| 2.1.3 Business Process Improvement |
| 2.1.4 Tools for Optimization of Business Process and Their Disadvantagesand Advantages |
| 2.2 ABM Theory |
| 2.2.1 Theoretical Basis of the Theory of ABM |
| 2.2.2 Concepts of ABM Theory |
| 2.2.3 Implementation Procedures of ABM |
| 2.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad |
| 2.4 Evaluation of the Existing Research and Innovation of This Paper |
| 3 Case Description |
| 3.1 Profile of Group B and BU S |
| 3.1.1 Development Journey of Group B |
| 3.1.2 Organization Structure of Group B |
| 3.1.3 Existing Businesses in Information Technology Module of GroupB |
| 3.1.4 Profile of BU S |
| 3.1.5 Introduction of Chromebook Project |
| 3.2 Current Operation Status of BU S |
| 3.2.1 Existing Business Process of BU S |
| 3.2.2 Current Business and Profitability Status of BU S |
| 3.3 Characteristics of Existing Business Process of BU S |
| 3.3.1 Focus on Core Business with Single Cost Structure in BU S |
| 3.3.2 Many Cross Department Synergetic Functions with Many AmortizedExpenses outside BU S |
| 3.3.3 Low Utilization of Information System and Some Complicated |
| 3.3.4 Obscure Performance Indicators |
| 4 Case Analysis |
| 4.1 Problems of Existing Business Process of BU S |
| 4.1.1 High COGS and Expenses Reducing the Profitability of BU S |
| 4.1.2 Nonvalue-added and Low-Value-Added Activities Resulting inInefficient Business Processes |
| 4.2 Analysis on the Problems of Business Processes of BU S |
| 4.2.1 Driver Analysis of COGS |
| 4.2.2 Driver Analysis of Expenses |
| 4.2.3 Process Value Analysis |
| 5 Recommendations |
| 5.1 Adjusting Organization Structure and Clarification of PositionsResponsibilities in BU S |
| 5.2 Strengthening R&D Progress Management |
| 5.3 Strengthening Customers’ Profitability Management |
| 5.4 Explicit Collaboration Mode with Group Platform Departments |
| 5.4.1 Explicit Collaboration Content with Group Platform Departments |
| 5.4.2 Improving Communication Mechanism Between BU S and GroupPlatform Departments |
| 5.5 Establishing Strategic Cooperation with Key Materials Suppliers |
| 5.6 Safeguard Measures for Optimization of Business Process |
| 5.6.1 Internal Culture Construction of BU S |
| 5.6.2 Establishing Relevant Performance Appraisal System |
| 5.6.3 Establishing Personnel Training Mechanism within BU S |
| 5.6.4 Effective Use of Information Systems |
| 6 Conclusion and Prospect |
| 6.1 Basic Conclusions |
| 6.2 Prospects for Future Research |
| Reference |
| Appendix |
（10）南亚的能源安全、能效以及经济环境绩效研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| Chapter1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background and Significance |
| 1.1.1 Research Background |
| 1.1.2 Research Significance |
| 1.2 Research Status and Review |
| 1.2.1 Measurements of Energy Security |
| 1.2.2 Measurements of Energy Efficiency |
| 1.2.3 Measurement of Environmental Performance |
| 1.2.4 Measurements of Wind Generated Renewable Hydrogen |
| 1.3 Review of Research Status |
| 1.4 Research Content and Research Methods |
| 1.4.1 Research Content |
| 1.4.2 Research Methods |
| 1.5 Research Objective |
| Chapter2 Basic Theories and Related Knowledge |
| 2.1 Basic Concepts |
| 2.1.1 Energy Security |
| 2.1.2 Energy Efficiency |
| 2.1.3 Environmental Performance |
| 2.1.4 Renewable Energy |
| 2.1.5 Renewable Energy Roll in Energy Security and Climate |
| 2.2 Application of DEA Theories in Energy |
| 2.2.1 DEA Concept and Basic Introduction |
| 2.2.2 DEA Application in Energy |
| 2.3 Energy Security Index Evaluation Methodological Approach |
| 2.3.1 Composite Indicator |
| 2.3.2 DEA Like Methods to Construct CI |
| 2.3.3 Weibull Distribution |
| 2.4 Summary |
| Chapter3 Assessment of Energy Security in Terms of Oil Supply Risk |
| 3.1 Externalities Associated with Energy Security |
| 3.1.1 Economic Losses |
| 3.1.2 Environmental Externalities |
| 3.1.3 Wealth Transfer |
| 3.1.4 Government Expenditures |
| 3.1.5 Sudden Disruptions |
| 3.2 Indicators for Energy Security |
| 3.3 Methodological Approach for Energy Security Index Evaluation |
| 3.3.1 DEA-Like Composite Indicator |
| 3.3.2 Principal Component Analysis and Regression Coefficients |
| 3.4 Analysis of Energy Supply Security |
| 3.4.1 Oil Vulnerable Countries |
| 3.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis |
| 3.5 Summary |
| Chapter4 Measuring Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance |
| 4.1 Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance |
| 4.2 Indicators for Evaluating Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance |
| 4.3 Methodology for Energy and Environmental Performance |
| 4.3.1 Data Source of Selected Countries |
| 4.3.2 DEA Like Model |
| 4.4 Analysis of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance |
| 4.5 Summary |
| Chapter5 Measuring Energy and Economic-Environmental Performance |
| 5.1 Importance of Energy and Environmental Performance |
| 5.2 Methodology of Energy Efficiency as well as Eco-Environmental Efficiency |
| 5.2.1 Method for Measuring Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission Efficiency |
| 5.2.2 Method for Measuring Economic-Environmental Efficiency |
| 5.2.3 Method for Measuring Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction |
| 5.2.4 Regression Analysis |
| 5.3 Analysis of Energy Efficiency and Economic-environmental performance |
| 5.3.1 Energy Consumption Efficiency |
| 5.3.2 Carbon Dioxide(CO2)Efficiency |
| 5.3.3 Economic-Environmental Efficiency |
| 5.3.4 Regression Analysis |
| 5.4 Summary |
| Chapter6 Assesement of Renewable energy to Strengthen Energy Security |
| 6.1 Renewable Energy and Climate Change |
| 6.2 Wind Power Potential |
| 6.3 Methodology of Wind Power Potential |
| 6.3.1 The System of Wind Power Potential to Produce Hydrogen |
| 6.3.2 Hydrogen Generation Via Electrolysis |
| 6.3.3 Role of Battery in Electrolysis Process |
| 6.3.4 Economic Assessment |
| 6.4 Analysis of Wind Generated Renewable Hydrogen |
| 6.4.1 Wind Energy Potential |
| 6.4.2 Hydrogen Production |
| 6.4.3 Economic Analysis |
| 6.5 Summary |
| Chapter7 Discussion and Policy Implication on South Asia |
| 7.1 Discussion on the Study |
| 7.2 Policy Implication for South Asia |
| 7.2.1 Regional Level Policy |
| 7.2.2 Regional Cooperation and Support Schemes |
| 7.2.3 Regional Cross-Border Energy Trade and Energy Security |
| 7.3 Summary |
| Conclusion |
| Reference |
| List of Publications |
| Acknowledgement |
四、Establishment and optimization of project investment risk income models on the basis of probability χ distribution（论文参考文献）
- [1]摩洛哥货币政策实现通货膨胀应对的有效性研究[D]. ERRAITEB MERYEM. 山东大学, 2021(11)
- [2]财政分权对经济发展的影响 ——基于乌克兰的实证研究[D]. KOVALCHUK ANNA. 山东大学, 2021(11)
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